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The Gallo-Brittonic languages, also known as the P-Celtic languages, are a controversial subdivision of the Celtic languages of Ancient Gaul (both ''celtica'' and ''belgica'') and Celtic Britain, which share certain features. Besides common linguistic innovations, speakers of these languages shared cultural features and history. The cultural aspects are commonality of art styles and worship of similar gods. Coinage just prior to the British Roman period was also similar. In Julius Caesar's time, the Atrebates held land on both sides of the English Channel. ==Linguistics== The hypothesis that the languages spoken in Gaul and Great Britain (Gaulish and the Brittonic languages) descended from a common ancestor, separate from the Celtic languages of Ireland, Spain, and Italy, is based on a number of linguistic innovations, principally the evolution of Proto-Celtic *kʷ into /p/ (thus the name "P-Celtic"). These innovations are not shared with the Goidelic languages. The shared innovations not in Goidelic are: * Proto-Celtic ' > Gallo-Brittonic ''p'', or in voiced form ''b'' (e.g. Gaulish ''mapos'', Welsh ''mab'' ≠ Irish ''mac'') * Proto-Celtic ''mr'' and ''ml'' > Gallo-Brittonic ''br'' and ''bl'' (e.g. Gaulish ''broga'', Welsh, Breton ''bro'' ≠ Old Irish ''mruig'') * Proto-Celtic ''wo'', ''we'' > Gallo-Brittonic ''wa'' (e.g. Gaulish ''uassos'', Welsh ''gwass'' ≠ Old Irish ''foss'') * Proto-Celtic ' > Gallo-Brittonic ''w'' * Early loss of ''g'' between vowels in both Gaulish and Brythonic * Proto-Celtic ''dj'' between vowels tended to give Gallo-Brittonic ''j'' * Proto-Celtic '' *anman'' > Gallo-Brittonic ''anwan''. (Gaulish ''anuana'', Welsh ''enuein'' ≠ Irish ''ainm'')〔Lambert, Pierre-Yves. (1994). ''La langue gauloise'', éditions errance. p. 19.〕 The chief alternative view is the Insular Celtic hypothesis, which asserts that Goidelic and Brythonic underwent a period of common development and have shared innovations, while the above changes are either independent innovations that occurred separately in Brythonic and Gaulish or are due to language contact between the two groups. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gallo-Brittonic languages」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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